The article discusses the impact of human activities on forest composition and bird associations. The author observed changes in vegetation and bird species in the Bhimashankar forest due to factors such as fire, grazing, cutting, and the removal of biomass. The study highlights how changes in forest composition can lead to shifts in bird communities, with different species being favored in response to altered habitat conditions. The article provides specific examples of plant associations and associated bird species in different forest types found in the study area.