Measurement and calibration of the acidity of the coast water opposite the Zawiya Oil Refinery – Libya

High levels of carbon dioxide (CO ₂) in the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, companied with reduction of farming practices and de-vegetation for architectural development. Which causes increases in levels of inorganic carbon CO ₂ in seawater. This increase led to a drop in pH, which was accompanied by chemical changes in the waters of the seas and oceans. This study focused on field inspection represented in sampling random points on the coast of the Zawiya oil refinery to determine the impact of emissions on the water near the coast. The pH, electrical conductivity and temperature of samples taken from the surface were measured because the sea surface is usually most affected by carbon melt from the atmosphere and is less affected by the depth. The measurements of these samples were different from the theory we developed about the impact of coastal water on industrial wastewater resulting from separation and cooling operations from the Zawiya refinery, where the measurements came to a pH rate between 7.6 and 8.9. This study ended with a set of important recommendations, the most prominent of which was the focus on the use of clean energy and further research on marine life and its impact on Mediterranean acidity.