Digitality: A reality check

The condition of digitality and the associated concept of digitalism are increasingly important today. Our ever-more digital societal context means that many are experiencing a digital life where reality and digitality blur in their distinction in many people’s digital lives. This paper considers these aspects with respect to digital culture, especially in the context of heritage and museums. In particular, we look at developments since a previous 2014 paper by the authors and speculate on possible future developments. We focus especially on the reality check provided by the Covid-19 pandemic, that has accelerated societal digitality.

Content

Author and article information

Contributors

Jonathan P. Bowen: http://www.jpbowen.com

Tula Giannini: https://sites.google.com/view/tgiannini/

Conference

Publication date: July 2021

Publication date (Print): July 2021

Pages: 12-19

Affiliations

[0001]Emeritus Professor of Computing

School of Engineering

London South Bank University

London, UK

[0002]Professor of Information

School of Information

Pratt Institute

New York, USA

Article

DOI: 10.14236/ewic/EVA2021.3

SO-VID: a265e7ec-a396-4bd7-a5ad-2ddf321f6400

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Conference name: Proceedings of EVA London 2021

Conference acronym: EVA 2021

Conference number:

Conference location: London

Conference date: 5th July – 9th July 2021

Conference sponsor: Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC)

Conference theme: AI and the Arts: Artificial Imagination

History

Product

1477-9358 BCS Learning & Development

Self URI (article page): https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.14236/ewic/EVA2021.3

Self URI (journal page): https://ewic.bcs.org/

REFERENCES

E. W. Almino (2021) How Cameras and Webcams have Helped us Bear Witness in 2020. Hyperallergic, 5 January. https://hyperallergic.com/612922/come-a-little-closer-uscroski-18th-street-arts-center/
M. Berry (2017) Creating with Mobile Media. Palgrave Macmillan.
J. P. Bowen (1995a) The Virtual Library of museums. In G. Day (ed.), Proc. Museum Collections and the Information Superhighway, 10 May 1995, Science Museum, London.
J. P. Bowen (1995b) Collections of collections. Museums Journal, 95(8), pp. 24–25, August.
J. P. Bowen (2016) Alan Turing: Virtuosity and visualisation. In Bowenet al. (2016), pp. 197–204. [Cross Ref]
J. P. Bowen (2017) Digital conservation and preservation: Whence and whither? In MATCONS 2017: Matter and Materials in/for Heritage Conservation, Craiova, Romania, September 2017, pp. 45–54.
J. P. Bowen (2019) The impact of Alan Turing: Formal methods and beyond. In: J. P. Bowen, Z. Liu, and Z. Zhang (eds.), Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems. SETSS 2018. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11430, pp. 202–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17601-3_5
J. P. Bowen (2020) A personal view of EVA London: Past, present, future. In Weinelet al. (2020), pp. 8–15. [Cross Ref]
J. P. Bowen, G. Diprose, and N. Lambert (eds.) (2016) EVA London 2016: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). [Cross Ref]
J. P. Bowen, G. Diprose, and N. Lambert (eds.) (2017) EVA London 2017: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). [Cross Ref]
J. P. Bowen and T. Giannini (2014) Digitalism: The new realism? In K. Ng, J. P. Bowen, and S. McDaid (eds.), EVA London 2014: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, eWiC, pp. 324–331. [Cross Ref]
J. P. Bowen and T Giannini. (2019) The Digital Future of Museums. In Giannini & Bowen (2019a), chapter 28, pp. 551–577. [Cross Ref]
J. P. Bowen, T. Giannini, G. Polmeer, R. Falconer, A. I. Miller, and S. Dunn (2020) Computational culture and AI: Challenging human identity and curatorial practice. In Weinelet al. (2020), pp. 1–7. [Cross Ref]
J. P. Bowen, T. Trickett, J. B. A. Green, and A. Lomas (2018) Turing’s genius – defining an apt microcosm. In Bowenet al. (2018), pp. 155–162. [Cross Ref]
J. P. Bowen, J. Weinel, G. Diprose, and N. Lambert (eds.) (2018) EVA London 2018: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). [Cross Ref]
S. Brusaporci (2018) Advanced mixed heritage: A visual turn through digitality and reality of architecture. International Journal of Computational Methods in Heritage Science, 2(1). [Cross Ref]
S. Cascone (2020) Street Artists Around the World Captured a Turbulent Year in Real Time – See the Beautiful and Unforgettable Works of 2020 Here. Artnet News, 31 December 2020. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/street-art-2020-1933692
C. Chau (2017) Movement, Time, Technology, and Art. Springer, Series on Cultural Computing. [Cross Ref]
B. J. Copeland, J. P. Bowen, M. Sprevak, R. J. Wilson, et al. (2017) The Turing Guide. Oxford University Press. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Guide
S. Dasgupta (2014) It Began with Babbage: The genesis of computer science. Oxford University Press.
S. Franklin (2015) Control: Digitality as cultural logic. The MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/control
R. Florida and M. Seman (2020) Lost art: Measuring COVID-19’s devastating impact on America’s creative economy. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 11 August 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/research/lost-art-measuring-covid-19s-devastating-impact-on-americas-creative-economy/
G. Gaia, S. Boiano, J. P. Bowen, and A. Borda (2020) Museum websites of the first wave: The rise of the virtual museum. In Weinelet al. (2020), pp. 24–31. [Cross Ref]
V. Geroimenko (ed.) (2019) Augmented Reality Games II: The gamification of education, medicine and art. Springer. [Cross Ref]
T. Giannini and J.P. Bowen (2014) The Brooklyn Visual Heritage website: Brooklyn’s museums and libraries collaborate for Project CHART. In MW2014: Museums and the Web 2014, Baltimore, USA, 2–5 April 2014. http://mw2014.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/the-brooklyn-visual-heritage-website/
T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2017) Life in code and digits: When Shannon met Turing. In Bowenet al. (2017), pp. 51–58. [Cross Ref]
T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2018) Of museums and digital culture: A landscape view. In Bowenet al. (2018), pp. 172–179. [Cross Ref]
T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (eds.) (2019a) Museums and Digital Culture: New perspectives and research. Springer, Series on Cultural Computing. [Cross Ref]
T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2019b) Digital Culture. In Giannini & Bowen (2019a), chapter 1, pp. 3–26. [Cross Ref]
T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2019c) Museums and Digitalism. In Giannini & Bowen (2019a), chapter 2, pp. 27–46. [Cross Ref]
T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2019d) Transforming Education for Museum Professionals in the Digital Age. In Giannini & Bowen (2019a), chapter 23, pp. 457–480. [Cross Ref]
T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2019e) Art and activism at museums in a post-digital world. In Weinelet al. (2019), pp. 27–35. [Cross Ref]
T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2020a) The digital Renaissance from da Vinci to Turing. In V. Cappelliniet al. (eds.), EVA 2020 Florence Proceedings. [Cross Ref]
T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2020b) Computing the Future: Digital encounters in art and science when da Vinci met Turing. In Weinelet al. (2020), pp. 16–23. [Cross Ref]
W. Gompertz (2015) Think Like an Artist … and lead a more creative, productive life. Penguin Books.
R. Hasson (2019) Digitality, Virtual Reality and the ‘empathy machine’. Digital Journalism, 8(2). [Cross Ref]
R. Hasson (2020) The Condition of Digitality: A post-modern Marxism for the practice of digital life. University of Westminster Press. [Cross Ref]
C. HollingsU Martin., and A. Rice (2018) Ada Lovelace: The making of a computer scientist. Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
M. Ioannides, N. Magnenat-Thalmann, and G Papagiannakis. (eds.) (2017) Mixed Reality and Gamification for Cultural Heritage. Springer. [Cross Ref]
E. James and R. Kearns (2020) Linking therapeutic (is)landscapes, experiences of digitality and the quest for wellbeing. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 1. [Cross Ref]
P. Jandrić, J. Knox, T. Besley, T. Ryberg, J. Suoranta, and S. Hayes (2018) Postdigital science and education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 50(10), pp. 893–899. [Cross Ref]
H. King (2015) Virtual Memory: Time-based art and the dream of digitality. Duke University Press.
E. Kinsella (2021) ‘We’d Love to Work with Netflix Again’: Cash-Strapped Museums Looking for New Audiences are Increasingly doing Exhibits-for-Hire. Artnet News, 4 January 2021. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/its-a-deal-is-the-rise-in-museum-sponcon-linked-to-lockdown-1933514
M. Korte (2020) The impact of the digital revolution on human brain and behavior: Where do we stand? Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 22(2), pp. 101–111. [Cross Ref]
G. Lewis (2007) The Wizard of Oz: Pay no attention. YouTube, 31 December. https://youtu.be/NZR64EF3OpA
Z. Liu, J. P. Bowen, B. Liu, S. Tyszberowicz, and T Zhang. (2020) Software abstractions and Human-Cyber-Physical Systems architecture modelling. In: J. P. Bowen, Z. Liu, and Z. Zhang (eds.), Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems. SETSS 2019. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 12154, pp. 159–219. [Cross Ref]
V. Mezaris, C. Niederée, and R. H. Logie (eds.) (2018) Personal Multimedia Preservation: Remembering or forgetting images and video. Springer, Series on Cultural Computing. [Cross Ref]
M. Moore and D. Tambini (eds.) (2018) Digital Dominance: The power of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple. Oxford University Press.
E. Nawotka (2020) How the coronavirus will change book publishing, now and forever. Los Angeles Times, 25 March. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2020-03-25/how-the-coronavirus-will-change-book-publishing-now-and-forever
R. Ovenden (2020) The Digital Deluge. In Burning the Books: A history of knowledge under attack, chapter 13, pp. 197–223. John Murray.
S. Padua (2015) The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage. Penguin Random House.
J. Peddie (2017) Augmented Reality: Where we will all live. Springer. [Cross Ref]
M. A. Peters and T. Besley (2019) Critical philosophy of the postdigital. Postdigital Science and Education, 1, pp. 29–42. [Cross Ref]
A. Rajan (2020) How coronavirus infected publishing BBC News, Entertainment & Arts, 16 April 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52299925
K. Ravetto-Biagioli (2019) Digital Uncanny. Oxford University Press.
S. Schneegass and O. Amft (eds.) (2017) Smart Textiles: Fundamentals, design, and interaction. Springer, Human-Computer Interaction Series. [Cross Ref]
J. Seevinck (2017) Emergence in Interactive Art. Springer, Series on Cultural Computing. [Cross Ref]
Statistica (2020) Time spent per day with digital versus traditional media in the United States from 2011 to 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/565628/time-spent-digital-traditional-media-usa/
A. Szanto (2021) What Is the Future of Museums? 7 Predictions from Max Hollein, Koyo Kouoh, Anne Pasternak, and Other Top Curators and Directors. Artnet News, 1 January 2021. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/future-of-museums-andras-szanto-1934142
A. M. Turing (1936) On computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society (2), 42(1), pp. 230–265. [Cross Ref]
S. Vaidhyanathan (2018) Anti-Social Media: How Facebook disconnects us and undermines democracy. Oxford University Press.
A. Vermeeren, L. Calvi, and A. Sabiescu (eds.) (2018) Museum Experience Design: Crowds, ecosystems and novel technologies. Springer, Series on Cultural Computing. [Cross Ref]
O. Wainwright (2019) New York’s high-rise jails: What could go wrong? The Guardian, 9 December 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/dec/09/new-yorks-high-rise-prisons-what-could-go-wrong
J. Weinel, J. P. Bowen, G. Diprose, and N. Lambert (eds.) (2019) EVA London 2019: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen. [Cross Ref]
J. Weinel, J. P. Bowen, G. Diprose, and N. Lambert (eds.) (2020) EVA London 2020: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen. [Cross Ref]
S. Whatley, R. K. Cisneros, and A. Sabiescu (eds.) (2018) Digital Echoes: Spaces for intangible and performance-based cultural heritage. Springer. [Cross Ref]
B. Wieners and D. Pescovitz (1996) Reality Check. HardWired.
B. Wise (2020) UF becomes first U.S. university to acquire cutting-edge NVIDIA DGX A100 system, advancing its artificial intelligence initiative. University of Florida, 14 May 2020. https://news.ufl.edu/2020/05/

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] E. W. Almino (2021) How Cameras and Webcams have Helped us Bear Witness in 2020. Hyperallergic, 5 January. https://hyperallergic.com/612922/come-a-little-closer-uscroski-18th-street-arts-center/

[2] M. Berry (2017) Creating with Mobile Media. Palgrave Macmillan.

[3] J. P. Bowen (1995a) The Virtual Library of museums. In G. Day (ed.), Proc. Museum Collections and the Information Superhighway, 10 May 1995, Science Museum, London.

[4] J. P. Bowen (1995b) Collections of collections. Museums Journal, 95(8), pp. 24–25, August.

[5] J. P. Bowen (2016) Alan Turing: Virtuosity and visualisation. In Bowenet al. (2016), pp. 197–204. [Cross Ref]

[6] J. P. Bowen (2017) Digital conservation and preservation: Whence and whither? In MATCONS 2017: Matter and Materials in/for Heritage Conservation, Craiova, Romania, September 2017, pp. 45–54.

[7] J. P. Bowen (2019) The impact of Alan Turing: Formal methods and beyond. In: J. P. Bowen, Z. Liu, and Z. Zhang (eds.), Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems. SETSS 2018. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11430, pp. 202–235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17601-3_5

[8] J. P. Bowen (2020) A personal view of EVA London: Past, present, future. In Weinelet al. (2020), pp. 8–15. [Cross Ref]

[9] J. P. Bowen, G. Diprose, and N. Lambert (eds.) (2016) EVA London 2016: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). [Cross Ref]

[10] J. P. Bowen, G. Diprose, and N. Lambert (eds.) (2017) EVA London 2017: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). [Cross Ref]

[11] J. P. Bowen and T. Giannini (2014) Digitalism: The new realism? In K. Ng, J. P. Bowen, and S. McDaid (eds.), EVA London 2014: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, eWiC, pp. 324–331. [Cross Ref]

[12] J. P. Bowen and T Giannini. (2019) The Digital Future of Museums. In Giannini & Bowen (2019a), chapter 28, pp. 551–577. [Cross Ref]

[13] J. P. Bowen, T. Giannini, G. Polmeer, R. Falconer, A. I. Miller, and S. Dunn (2020) Computational culture and AI: Challenging human identity and curatorial practice. In Weinelet al. (2020), pp. 1–7. [Cross Ref]

[14] J. P. Bowen, T. Trickett, J. B. A. Green, and A. Lomas (2018) Turing’s genius – defining an apt microcosm. In Bowenet al. (2018), pp. 155–162. [Cross Ref]

[15] J. P. Bowen, J. Weinel, G. Diprose, and N. Lambert (eds.) (2018) EVA London 2018: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). [Cross Ref]

[16] S. Brusaporci (2018) Advanced mixed heritage: A visual turn through digitality and reality of architecture. International Journal of Computational Methods in Heritage Science, 2(1). [Cross Ref]

[17] S. Cascone (2020) Street Artists Around the World Captured a Turbulent Year in Real Time – See the Beautiful and Unforgettable Works of 2020 Here. Artnet News, 31 December 2020. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/street-art-2020-1933692

[18] C. Chau (2017) Movement, Time, Technology, and Art. Springer, Series on Cultural Computing. [Cross Ref]

[19] B. J. Copeland, J. P. Bowen, M. Sprevak, R. J. Wilson, et al. (2017) The Turing Guide. Oxford University Press. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turing_Guide

[20] S. Dasgupta (2014) It Began with Babbage: The genesis of computer science. Oxford University Press.

[21] S. Franklin (2015) Control: Digitality as cultural logic. The MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/control

[22] R. Florida and M. Seman (2020) Lost art: Measuring COVID-19’s devastating impact on America’s creative economy. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 11 August 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/research/lost-art-measuring-covid-19s-devastating-impact-on-americas-creative-economy/

[23] G. Gaia, S. Boiano, J. P. Bowen, and A. Borda (2020) Museum websites of the first wave: The rise of the virtual museum. In Weinelet al. (2020), pp. 24–31. [Cross Ref]

[24] V. Geroimenko (ed.) (2019) Augmented Reality Games II: The gamification of education, medicine and art. Springer. [Cross Ref]

[25] T. Giannini and J.P. Bowen (2014) The Brooklyn Visual Heritage website: Brooklyn’s museums and libraries collaborate for Project CHART. In MW2014: Museums and the Web 2014, Baltimore, USA, 2–5 April 2014. http://mw2014.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/the-brooklyn-visual-heritage-website/

[26] T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2017) Life in code and digits: When Shannon met Turing. In Bowenet al. (2017), pp. 51–58. [Cross Ref]

[27] T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2018) Of museums and digital culture: A landscape view. In Bowenet al. (2018), pp. 172–179. [Cross Ref]

[28] T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (eds.) (2019a) Museums and Digital Culture: New perspectives and research. Springer, Series on Cultural Computing. [Cross Ref]

[29] T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2019b) Digital Culture. In Giannini & Bowen (2019a), chapter 1, pp. 3–26. [Cross Ref]

[30] T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2019c) Museums and Digitalism. In Giannini & Bowen (2019a), chapter 2, pp. 27–46. [Cross Ref]

[31] T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2019d) Transforming Education for Museum Professionals in the Digital Age. In Giannini & Bowen (2019a), chapter 23, pp. 457–480. [Cross Ref]

[32] T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2019e) Art and activism at museums in a post-digital world. In Weinelet al. (2019), pp. 27–35. [Cross Ref]

[33] T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2020a) The digital Renaissance from da Vinci to Turing. In V. Cappelliniet al. (eds.), EVA 2020 Florence Proceedings. [Cross Ref]

[34] T. Giannini and J. P. Bowen (2020b) Computing the Future: Digital encounters in art and science when da Vinci met Turing. In Weinelet al. (2020), pp. 16–23. [Cross Ref]

[35] W. Gompertz (2015) Think Like an Artist … and lead a more creative, productive life. Penguin Books.

[36] R. Hasson (2019) Digitality, Virtual Reality and the ‘empathy machine’. Digital Journalism, 8(2). [Cross Ref]

[37] R. Hasson (2020) The Condition of Digitality: A post-modern Marxism for the practice of digital life. University of Westminster Press. [Cross Ref]

[38] C. HollingsU Martin., and A. Rice (2018) Ada Lovelace: The making of a computer scientist. Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.

[39] M. Ioannides, N. Magnenat-Thalmann, and G Papagiannakis. (eds.) (2017) Mixed Reality and Gamification for Cultural Heritage. Springer. [Cross Ref]

[40] E. James and R. Kearns (2020) Linking therapeutic (is)landscapes, experiences of digitality and the quest for wellbeing. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 1. [Cross Ref]

[41] P. Jandrić, J. Knox, T. Besley, T. Ryberg, J. Suoranta, and S. Hayes (2018) Postdigital science and education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 50(10), pp. 893–899. [Cross Ref]

[42] H. King (2015) Virtual Memory: Time-based art and the dream of digitality. Duke University Press.

[43] E. Kinsella (2021) ‘We’d Love to Work with Netflix Again’: Cash-Strapped Museums Looking for New Audiences are Increasingly doing Exhibits-for-Hire. Artnet News, 4 January 2021. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/its-a-deal-is-the-rise-in-museum-sponcon-linked-to-lockdown-1933514

[44] M. Korte (2020) The impact of the digital revolution on human brain and behavior: Where do we stand? Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 22(2), pp. 101–111. [Cross Ref]

[45] G. Lewis (2007) The Wizard of Oz: Pay no attention. YouTube, 31 December. https://youtu.be/NZR64EF3OpA

[46] Z. Liu, J. P. Bowen, B. Liu, S. Tyszberowicz, and T Zhang. (2020) Software abstractions and Human-Cyber-Physical Systems architecture modelling. In: J. P. Bowen, Z. Liu, and Z. Zhang (eds.), Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems. SETSS 2019. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 12154, pp. 159–219. [Cross Ref]

[47] V. Mezaris, C. Niederée, and R. H. Logie (eds.) (2018) Personal Multimedia Preservation: Remembering or forgetting images and video. Springer, Series on Cultural Computing. [Cross Ref]

[48] M. Moore and D. Tambini (eds.) (2018) Digital Dominance: The power of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple. Oxford University Press.

[49] E. Nawotka (2020) How the coronavirus will change book publishing, now and forever. Los Angeles Times, 25 March. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2020-03-25/how-the-coronavirus-will-change-book-publishing-now-and-forever

[50] R. Ovenden (2020) The Digital Deluge. In Burning the Books: A history of knowledge under attack, chapter 13, pp. 197–223. John Murray.

[51] S. Padua (2015) The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage. Penguin Random House.

[52] J. Peddie (2017) Augmented Reality: Where we will all live. Springer. [Cross Ref]

[53] M. A. Peters and T. Besley (2019) Critical philosophy of the postdigital. Postdigital Science and Education, 1, pp. 29–42. [Cross Ref]

[54] A. Rajan (2020) How coronavirus infected publishing BBC News, Entertainment & Arts, 16 April 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-52299925

[55] K. Ravetto-Biagioli (2019) Digital Uncanny. Oxford University Press.

[56] S. Schneegass and O. Amft (eds.) (2017) Smart Textiles: Fundamentals, design, and interaction. Springer, Human-Computer Interaction Series. [Cross Ref]

[57] J. Seevinck (2017) Emergence in Interactive Art. Springer, Series on Cultural Computing. [Cross Ref]

[58] Statistica (2020) Time spent per day with digital versus traditional media in the United States from 2011 to 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/565628/time-spent-digital-traditional-media-usa/

[59] A. Szanto (2021) What Is the Future of Museums? 7 Predictions from Max Hollein, Koyo Kouoh, Anne Pasternak, and Other Top Curators and Directors. Artnet News, 1 January 2021. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/future-of-museums-andras-szanto-1934142

[60] A. M. Turing (1936) On computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society (2), 42(1), pp. 230–265. [Cross Ref]

[61] S. Vaidhyanathan (2018) Anti-Social Media: How Facebook disconnects us and undermines democracy. Oxford University Press.

[62] A. Vermeeren, L. Calvi, and A. Sabiescu (eds.) (2018) Museum Experience Design: Crowds, ecosystems and novel technologies. Springer, Series on Cultural Computing. [Cross Ref]

[63] O. Wainwright (2019) New York’s high-rise jails: What could go wrong? The Guardian, 9 December 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/dec/09/new-yorks-high-rise-prisons-what-could-go-wrong

[64] J. Weinel, J. P. Bowen, G. Diprose, and N. Lambert (eds.) (2019) EVA London 2019: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen. [Cross Ref]

[65] J. Weinel, J. P. Bowen, G. Diprose, and N. Lambert (eds.) (2020) EVA London 2020: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen. [Cross Ref]

[66] S. Whatley, R. K. Cisneros, and A. Sabiescu (eds.) (2018) Digital Echoes: Spaces for intangible and performance-based cultural heritage. Springer. [Cross Ref]

[67] B. Wieners and D. Pescovitz (1996) Reality Check. HardWired.

[68] B. Wise (2020) UF becomes first U.S. university to acquire cutting-edge NVIDIA DGX A100 system, advancing its artificial intelligence initiative. University of Florida, 14 May 2020. https://news.ufl.edu/2020/05/

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