Legitimacy, land &amp; democracy in Niger

Lund, Christian

doi:10.1080/03056249708704241

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Review of African Political Economy

Volume 24, Issue 71

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Legitimacy, land & democracy in Niger

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research-article

Author(s): Christian Lund ^a

Publication date (Print): March 1997

Journal: Review of African Political Economy

Publisher: Review of African Political Economy

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Abstract

Niger experienced two major political reforms since 1986: a land tenure reform, a Rural Code, aimed at increasing security for the rural population through a codification and formalisation of indigenous land rights, followed by constitutional democracy in the early 1990s. Both reforms aimed at securing some basic rights and were expected to confer legitimacy on the state. The conjuncture of the two, however, unleashed an intensive political struggle, competition over jurisdiction between politico‐legal institutions and the decline of legitimacy of state institutions.

Content

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): crea20

Journal ID (archive): CREA

Title: Review of African Political Economy

Publisher: Review of African Political Economy

ISSN (Print): 0305-6244

ISSN (Electronic): 1740-1720

Publication date (Print): March 1997

Volume: 24

Issue: 71

Pages: 99-112

Affiliations

^a University of Roskilde , Denmark

Article

Publisher ID: 8704241 Coden ID: Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 24, No. 71, March 1997, pp. 99-112

DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704241

SO-VID: 9cc73742-2542-45d3-bc2d-97100dac6e5a

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 0, References: 39, Pages: 14

References

Abarchi Djibril. . 1994. . Jurisprudence nigérienne et sécurité juridique ‐ Les vicissitudes des sources du droit . , Niamey : : Fac. des Sci. Écon. et Jur.. .
von Benda‐Beckmann Keebet. . 1981. . ‘Forum shopping and shopping forums’. . Journal of Legal Pluralism . , Vol. 1:
Bentzon Agnete Weis. . 1991. . ‘Closed legal systems and open minds’. . Recht en Kritiek . , Vol. 17((2))
Berry Sara. . 1993. . No Condition is Permanent: the Social Dynamics of Agrarian Change in sub‐Saharan Africa . , Madison : : University of Wisconsin Press. .
Marcussen H and Lund C. , eds. 1994. . “‘Resource access and management as historical processes: conceptual and methodological issue’. ”. In Access, Control and Management of Natural Resources in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Methodological Considerations . , (Occasional Paper no. 13). Roskilde : : International Development Studies, Roskilde University. .
1989. . ‘Social institutions and access to resources’. . Africa . , Vol. 1((1))
Bruce John W. . 1986. . Land Tenure Issues in Project Design and Strategies for Agricultural Development in sub‐Saharan Africa . , Madison : : Land Tenure Center. .
1989a. . “‘A perspective on indegenous land’. ”. In Contemporary Africa . , Hanover/London : : University Press of New England. .
The Variety of Reform: a Review of Recent Experience with Land Reform and the Reform of Land Tenure with Particular Reference to the African Experience. In: . paper presented for a conference on Human Rights in a Post‐Apartheid South African Constitution; . September 25–28– 1989 ; . Columbia University. .
Bruce John W and S Freudenberger Mark. . 1992. . Institutional Opportunities and Constraints in African Land Tenure: Shifting from a ‘Replacement’ to an ‘Adaptation’ Paradigm . , Madison : : Land Tenure Center. .
Chanock Martin. . 1991. . “‘Paradigms, policies and property: a review of the customary law of land tenure’. ”. In Law in Colonial Africa . , Edited by: Mann Kristin and Roberts Richard. . Portsmouth/London : : Heinemann/James Currey. .
Cliffe Lionel. . 1987. . ‘The debate on African peasantries’. . Development & Change . , Vol. 18:
Comaroff John L and Roberts Simon. . 1981. . Rules and Processes: the Cultural Logic of Dispute in an African Context . , Chicago : : University of Chicago Press. .
Comité National du Code Rural/Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Elevage/République du Niger. . 1993. . “(Ordonnance no. 93–015 du 2 mars). ”. In Principes d'orientation du Code Rural .
Fitzpatrick Peter. . 1983. . “‘Law. plurality and underdevelopment’. ”. In Legality, Ideology and the State . , Edited by: Sugarman D. . London : : Academic Press. .
Galanter Marc. . 1981. . ‘Justice in many rooms ‐ courts, private ordering and indigenous law’. . Journal of Legal Pluralism . ,
Hyden Göran. . 1983. . No Shortcuts to Progress . , London : : Heineman. .
1987. . ‘Final rejoinder’. . Development & Change . , Vol. 18:: 661––7. .
Ibrahim Jibrim. . The Weaknes of ‘Strong States’ ‐ The Case of Niger Republic. In: . paper presented at the Conference on ‘Challenges to the Nation State in Africa’; . January. 1995 ; , Helsinki . . pp.p. 23
Kasfir Nelson. . 1986. . ‘Are African peasants self‐sufficient’. . Development & Change . , Vol. 17:: 335––57. .
Keita Michel. . 1989. . ‘Code rural’. . Sahel Dimanche . , 28 July ‐ 18 to 25 August;
Lund Christian. . 1993. . ‘Waiting for the Rural Code’. . Drylands Network Working Paper . , : 24
( 1995 ) Law, Power and Politics in Niger ‐Land Struggles and the Rural Code , Ph.D. dissertation. Roskilde University .
Merry Sally Engle. . 1988. . ‘Legal pluralism’. . Law & Society Review . , Vol. 22((5)): 869––96. .
Moore Sally Falk. . 1978. . Law as Process . , London : : Routledge & Kegan Paul. .
1993. . Law, State and Civil Society in the Sahel Club du Sahel . Paris :
Cohen R and Toland J D. , eds. 1988. . “‘Legitimation as a process: the expansion of government and party in Tanzania’. ”. In State Formation and Political Legitimacy . , New Brunswick : : Transaction Books. .
Tidiane Ngaido ( 1994 ) La mise en place du Code Rural: Percerptions et attentes du monde rural nigérien , LTC avec USAID‐Niger , Document de Travail no. 7. Niamey
1996. . Redefining the Boundaries of Control: Post‐Colonial Tenure Policies and Dynamics of Social and Tenure Change in Western Niger . , Madison : : University of Wisconsin. .
Okoth‐Ogendo H W O. . 1979. . “‘The imposition of law in Kenya’. ”. In The Imposition of Law . , Edited by: Burman S, S B and Harrel‐Bond B E. . New York : : Academic Press. .
Olivier de Sardan Jean‐Pierre. . 1984. . Les sociétés Songhay‐Zarma (Niger‐Mali) . , Paris : : Karthala. .
Platteau Jean‐Philippe. . 1995. . The Evolutionary Theory of Land Rights as Applied to Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Critical Assessment . , Cahiers de la Faculté des Sciences Economiques et Sociales no. 145. .
Ranger Terence. . 1992. . “‘The invention of tradition in colonial Africa’. ”. In The Invention of Tradition . , Edited by: Hobsbawm E and Ranger T. . Cambridge : : Cambridge University Press. .
le Roy Étienne. . 1991. . “‘L'État, la réforme et le monopole fonder’. ”. In L'appropriation de la terre en Afrique noire . , Edited by: É le Bris É le Roy and Mathieu P. . Paris : : Karthala. .
1984. . ‘Legal paradigm and legal discourse: the case of laws of French‐speaking Black Africa’. . International Journal of the Sociology of Law . ,
Allott A and Woodmann G R. , eds. 1985. . “‘Local law in black Africa: contemporary experiences of folk law facing state and capital in Senegal and some other countries’. ”. In People's Law and State Law . Dordrecht :
1990. . ‘Le justiciable africain et la redécouverte d'une voie négociée de règlement des conflits’. . Afrique Contemporaine . , Vol. 156:
le Roy Étienne, Karsenty Alain and Bertrand Alain. . 1995. . ’La sécurisation foncière en Afrique’ . , Paris : : Karthala. .
Williams Donald C. . 1996. . ‘Reconsidering state and society in Africa: The institutional dimension in land reform policies’. . Comparative Politics . , January;

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Abarchi Djibril. . 1994. . Jurisprudence nigérienne et sécurité juridique ‐ Les vicissitudes des sources du droit . , Niamey : : Fac. des Sci. Écon. et Jur.. .

[2] von Benda‐Beckmann Keebet. . 1981. . ‘Forum shopping and shopping forums’. . Journal of Legal Pluralism . , Vol. 1:

[3] Bentzon Agnete Weis. . 1991. . ‘Closed legal systems and open minds’. . Recht en Kritiek . , Vol. 17((2))

[4] Berry Sara. . 1993. . No Condition is Permanent: the Social Dynamics of Agrarian Change in sub‐Saharan Africa . , Madison : : University of Wisconsin Press. .

[5] Marcussen H and Lund C. , eds. 1994. . “‘Resource access and management as historical processes: conceptual and methodological issue’. ”. In Access, Control and Management of Natural Resources in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Methodological Considerations . , (Occasional Paper no. 13). Roskilde : : International Development Studies, Roskilde University. .

[6] 1989. . ‘Social institutions and access to resources’. . Africa . , Vol. 1((1))

[7] Bruce John W. . 1986. . Land Tenure Issues in Project Design and Strategies for Agricultural Development in sub‐Saharan Africa . , Madison : : Land Tenure Center. .

[8] 1989a. . “‘A perspective on indegenous land’. ”. In Contemporary Africa . , Hanover/London : : University Press of New England. .

[9] The Variety of Reform: a Review of Recent Experience with Land Reform and the Reform of Land Tenure with Particular Reference to the African Experience. In: . paper presented for a conference on Human Rights in a Post‐Apartheid South African Constitution; . September 25–28– 1989 ; . Columbia University. .

[10] Bruce John W and S Freudenberger Mark. . 1992. . Institutional Opportunities and Constraints in African Land Tenure: Shifting from a ‘Replacement’ to an ‘Adaptation’ Paradigm . , Madison : : Land Tenure Center. .

[11] Chanock Martin. . 1991. . “‘Paradigms, policies and property: a review of the customary law of land tenure’. ”. In Law in Colonial Africa . , Edited by: Mann Kristin and Roberts Richard. . Portsmouth/London : : Heinemann/James Currey. .

[12] Cliffe Lionel. . 1987. . ‘The debate on African peasantries’. . Development & Change . , Vol. 18:

[13] Comaroff John L and Roberts Simon. . 1981. . Rules and Processes: the Cultural Logic of Dispute in an African Context . , Chicago : : University of Chicago Press. .

[14] Comité National du Code Rural/Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Elevage/République du Niger. . 1993. . “(Ordonnance no. 93–015 du 2 mars). ”. In Principes d'orientation du Code Rural .

[15] Fitzpatrick Peter. . 1983. . “‘Law. plurality and underdevelopment’. ”. In Legality, Ideology and the State . , Edited by: Sugarman D. . London : : Academic Press. .

[16] Galanter Marc. . 1981. . ‘Justice in many rooms ‐ courts, private ordering and indigenous law’. . Journal of Legal Pluralism . ,

[17] Hyden Göran. . 1983. . No Shortcuts to Progress . , London : : Heineman. .

[18] 1987. . ‘Final rejoinder’. . Development & Change . , Vol. 18:: 661––7. .

[19] Ibrahim Jibrim. . The Weaknes of ‘Strong States’ ‐ The Case of Niger Republic. In: . paper presented at the Conference on ‘Challenges to the Nation State in Africa’; . January. 1995 ; , Helsinki . . pp.p. 23

[20] Kasfir Nelson. . 1986. . ‘Are African peasants self‐sufficient’. . Development & Change . , Vol. 17:: 335––57. .

[21] Keita Michel. . 1989. . ‘Code rural’. . Sahel Dimanche . , 28 July ‐ 18 to 25 August;

[22] Lund Christian. . 1993. . ‘Waiting for the Rural Code’. . Drylands Network Working Paper . , : 24

[23] ( 1995 ) Law, Power and Politics in Niger ‐Land Struggles and the Rural Code , Ph.D. dissertation. Roskilde University .

[24] Merry Sally Engle. . 1988. . ‘Legal pluralism’. . Law & Society Review . , Vol. 22((5)): 869––96. .

[25] Moore Sally Falk. . 1978. . Law as Process . , London : : Routledge & Kegan Paul. .

[26] 1993. . Law, State and Civil Society in the Sahel Club du Sahel . Paris :

[27] Cohen R and Toland J D. , eds. 1988. . “‘Legitimation as a process: the expansion of government and party in Tanzania’. ”. In State Formation and Political Legitimacy . , New Brunswick : : Transaction Books. .

[28] Tidiane Ngaido ( 1994 ) La mise en place du Code Rural: Percerptions et attentes du monde rural nigérien , LTC avec USAID‐Niger , Document de Travail no. 7. Niamey

[29] 1996. . Redefining the Boundaries of Control: Post‐Colonial Tenure Policies and Dynamics of Social and Tenure Change in Western Niger . , Madison : : University of Wisconsin. .

[30] Okoth‐Ogendo H W O. . 1979. . “‘The imposition of law in Kenya’. ”. In The Imposition of Law . , Edited by: Burman S, S B and Harrel‐Bond B E. . New York : : Academic Press. .

[31] Olivier de Sardan Jean‐Pierre. . 1984. . Les sociétés Songhay‐Zarma (Niger‐Mali) . , Paris : : Karthala. .

[32] Platteau Jean‐Philippe. . 1995. . The Evolutionary Theory of Land Rights as Applied to Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Critical Assessment . , Cahiers de la Faculté des Sciences Economiques et Sociales no. 145. .

[33] Ranger Terence. . 1992. . “‘The invention of tradition in colonial Africa’. ”. In The Invention of Tradition . , Edited by: Hobsbawm E and Ranger T. . Cambridge : : Cambridge University Press. .

[34] le Roy Étienne. . 1991. . “‘L'État, la réforme et le monopole fonder’. ”. In L'appropriation de la terre en Afrique noire . , Edited by: É le Bris É le Roy and Mathieu P. . Paris : : Karthala. .

[35] 1984. . ‘Legal paradigm and legal discourse: the case of laws of French‐speaking Black Africa’. . International Journal of the Sociology of Law . ,

[36] Allott A and Woodmann G R. , eds. 1985. . “‘Local law in black Africa: contemporary experiences of folk law facing state and capital in Senegal and some other countries’. ”. In People's Law and State Law . Dordrecht :

[37] 1990. . ‘Le justiciable africain et la redécouverte d'une voie négociée de règlement des conflits’. . Afrique Contemporaine . , Vol. 156:

[38] le Roy Étienne, Karsenty Alain and Bertrand Alain. . 1995. . ’La sécurisation foncière en Afrique’ . , Paris : : Karthala. .

[39] Williams Donald C. . 1996. . ‘Reconsidering state and society in Africa: The institutional dimension in land reform policies’. . Comparative Politics . , January;