This article raises questions about the future prospects for the economic and political transition in Eritrea today, for peace and cooperation in the Horn and for the ‘nation‐state’ in Africa. It does this against the historical background of an illegally federated state and 30 years of armed struggle leading to an EPLF victory and the 1993 referendum.
UN General Assembly Resolution 390A(V): ‘Report of the Interim Committee of the General Assembly on the Report of the UN Commission for Eritrea’ 2 December 1950
Tubianna Joseph. . 1983. . “‘The Linguistic Approach to Self‐Determination’. ”. In Nationalism and Self‐Determination in the Horn of Africa . , Edited by: Lewis I M. . London : : Ithaca Press. .
Lefort Rene. . 1981. . Ethiopia: A Heretical Revolution? . , London : : Zed Books. .
Hess Robert. . 1970. . Ethiopia: The Modernization of Autocracy . , Ithaca , NY : : Cornell University Press. .
Bondestam Lars. . 1980. . “‘External Involvement in Ethiopia and Eritrea’. ”. In Behind the War in Eritrea . , Edited by: Davidson Basil. . Nottingham , , England: : Spokesman Books. .
18 June. 1991 . “‘The Political Crisis in Ethiopia and the Role of the United States’. ”. In Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives, 102nd Congress, First Session . , 18 June. , Washington , DC : : US GPO. .
National Public Radio. . 22 April. 1991 . “‘All Things Considered’. ”. 22 April. ,
Bureau Riyadh. . 7 August. 1991 . The Arab News . 7 August. ,
Parmelee Jennifer. . 1991. . ‘Massawa: Former Pearl Of The Red Sea Now Devestated By Ethiopian Civil Strife’. . The Washington Post . , 8 August;
1991. . ‘Battle won: Eritrean Leader Talks Of Democracy’. . The Washington Post . , 17 August;
31 July. 1991 . “‘Statement On Repatriation’. ”. 31 July. , Asmara, Eritrea : : The Provisional Government Of Eritrea. .
Press Robert M. . 1991. . ‘In Ethiopia, A King Returns From Exile’. . The Christian Science Monitor . , 8 August;